Who Was Alive in 1931

John D. RockefellerAge 92

1839–1937 · Business & Industry

Oil tycoon, richest American ever

Thomas EdisonAge 84

1847–1931 · Science & Invention

Light bulb, phonograph, 1000+ patents

Sigmund FreudAge 75

1856–1939 · Philosophy & Thought

Father of psychoanalysis

Nikola TeslaAge 75

1856–1943 · Science & Invention

AC electricity, visionary inventor

Max PlanckAge 73

1858–1947 · Science & Invention

Father of quantum theory

Rabindranath TagoreAge 70

1861–1941 · Literature

First non-European Nobel laureate in Literature

Henry FordAge 68

1863–1947 · Business & Industry

Assembly line, Model T automobile

Edvard MunchAge 68

1863–1944 · Art

The Scream

H.G. WellsAge 65

1866–1946 · Literature

The War of the Worlds, science fiction pioneer

Marie CurieAge 64

1867–1934 · Science & Invention

Radioactivity, first woman Nobel laureate

Mahatma GandhiAge 62

1869–1948 · Politics & Leadership

Nonviolent independence leader of India

Orville WrightAge 60

1871–1948 · Science & Invention

Co-inventor of the airplane

Guglielmo MarconiAge 57

1874–1937 · Science & Invention

Pioneer of long-distance radio

Winston ChurchillAge 57

1874–1965 · Politics & Leadership

British PM who led WWII effort

Carl JungAge 56

1875–1961 · Philosophy & Thought

Analytical psychology, archetypes

Lise MeitnerAge 53

1878–1968 · Science & Invention

Discovered nuclear fission, overlooked for Nobel

Albert EinsteinAge 52

1879–1955 · Science & Invention

Theory of relativity, E=mc²

Pablo PicassoAge 50

1881–1973 · Art

Cubism, Guernica, most prolific artist

Alexander FlemingAge 50

1881–1955 · Science & Invention

Discovered penicillin

Virginia WoolfAge 49

1882–1941 · Literature

Mrs Dalloway, modernist pioneer

James JoyceAge 49

1882–1941 · Literature

Ulysses, literary revolutionary

Igor StravinskyAge 49

1882–1971 · Music

The Rite of Spring, modern classical

Franklin D. RooseveltAge 49

1882–1945 · Politics & Leadership

32nd US President, New Deal, WWII leader

Coco ChanelAge 48

1883–1971 · Business & Industry

Fashion icon, Chanel No. 5

Niels BohrAge 46

1885–1962 · Science & Invention

Atomic model, quantum mechanics pioneer

Diego RiveraAge 45

1886–1957 · Art

Mexican muralist, political artist

Erwin SchrödingerAge 44

1887–1961 · Science & Invention

Schrödinger's cat, wave equation

Georgia O'KeeffeAge 44

1887–1986 · Art

Mother of American modernism

Charlie ChaplinAge 42

1889–1977 · Film & Entertainment

The Tramp, silent film legend

Ho Chi MinhAge 41

1890–1969 · Politics & Leadership

Revolutionary leader of Vietnam

Agatha ChristieAge 41

1890–1976 · Literature

Best-selling mystery novelist ever

Dwight D. EisenhowerAge 41

1890–1969 · Politics & Leadership

WWII Supreme Commander, 34th US President

Charles de GaulleAge 41

1890–1970 · Politics & Leadership

Leader of Free France, French President

Haile SelassieAge 39

1892–1975 · Politics & Leadership

Emperor of Ethiopia, Rastafari symbol

J.R.R. TolkienAge 39

1892–1973 · Literature

The Lord of the Rings, Middle-earth

Mao ZedongAge 38

1893–1976 · Politics & Leadership

Founder of the People's Republic of China

Babe RuthAge 36

1895–1948 · Sports

Baseball's Sultan of Swat

Buster KeatonAge 36

1895–1966 · Film & Entertainment

Silent film comedian, The General

F. Scott FitzgeraldAge 35

1896–1940 · Literature

The Great Gatsby

Amelia EarhartAge 34

1897–1937 · Exploration

First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic

Golda MeirAge 33

1898–1978 · Politics & Leadership

Fourth Prime Minister of Israel

Duke EllingtonAge 32

1899–1974 · Music

Jazz legend, big band pioneer

Ernest HemingwayAge 32

1899–1961 · Literature

The Old Man and the Sea, Nobel laureate

Jorge Luis BorgesAge 32

1899–1986 · Literature

Labyrinths, master of magical realism

Alfred HitchcockAge 32

1899–1980 · Film & Entertainment

Master of Suspense — Psycho, Vertigo

Humphrey BogartAge 32

1899–1957 · Film & Entertainment

Casablanca, Hollywood icon

Werner HeisenbergAge 30

1901–1976 · Science & Invention

Uncertainty principle, quantum mechanics pioneer

Louis ArmstrongAge 30

1901–1971 · Music

What a Wonderful World, jazz trumpet

Walt DisneyAge 30

1901–1966 · Film & Entertainment

Created Mickey Mouse, Disney empire

Enrico FermiAge 30

1901–1954 · Science & Invention

Father of the nuclear age, first nuclear reactor

HirohitoAge 30

1901–1989 · Politics & Leadership

Emperor of Japan during WWII

George OrwellAge 28

1903–1950 · Literature

1984, Animal Farm

Bob HopeAge 28

1903–2003 · Film & Entertainment

Comedian, entertainer for 80+ years

Robert OppenheimerAge 27

1904–1967 · Science & Invention

Father of the atomic bomb

Salvador DalíAge 27

1904–1989 · Art

The Persistence of Memory, surrealist

Jean-Paul SartreAge 26

1905–1980 · Philosophy & Thought

Existentialism, declined the Nobel Prize

Hannah ArendtAge 25

1906–1975 · Philosophy & Thought

The Banality of Evil, political theorist

Frida KahloAge 24

1907–1954 · Art

Self-portraits, Mexican cultural icon

Rachel CarsonAge 24

1907–1964 · Activism & Social Change

Silent Spring, environmental movement

Simone de BeauvoirAge 23

1908–1986 · Philosophy & Thought

The Second Sex, feminist existentialist

Kwame NkrumahAge 22

1909–1972 · Politics & Leadership

First President of Ghana

Dorothy HodgkinAge 21

1910–1994 · Science & Invention

Nobel Prize for X-ray crystallography of biochemical substances

Mother TeresaAge 21

1910–1997 · Activism & Social Change

Missionary of Charity in Calcutta

Akira KurosawaAge 21

1910–1998 · Film & Entertainment

Seven Samurai, master filmmaker

Jacques CousteauAge 21

1910–1997 · Exploration

Ocean explorer, pioneered scuba diving

Alan TuringAge 19

1912–1954 · Science & Invention

Father of computer science, codebreaker

Jackson PollockAge 19

1912–1956 · Art

Action painting, abstract expressionism

Rosa ParksAge 18

1913–2005 · Activism & Social Change

Mother of the civil rights movement

Jesse OwensAge 18

1913–1980 · Sports

4 gold medals at 1936 Berlin Olympics

Hedy LamarrAge 17

1914–2000 · Science & Invention

Hollywood star who co-invented frequency hopping

Orson WellesAge 16

1915–1985 · Film & Entertainment

Citizen Kane, War of the Worlds broadcast

Frank SinatraAge 16

1915–1998 · Music

My Way, Ol' Blue Eyes

Billie HolidayAge 16

1915–1959 · Music

Strange Fruit, jazz vocal legend

Roald DahlAge 15

1916–1990 · Literature

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

John F. KennedyAge 14

1917–1963 · Politics & Leadership

35th US President, Space Race

Ella FitzgeraldAge 14

1917–1996 · Music

First Lady of Song, jazz icon

Indira GandhiAge 14

1917–1984 · Politics & Leadership

First female Prime Minister of India

Ingmar BergmanAge 13

1918–2007 · Film & Entertainment

The Seventh Seal, master of art cinema

Nelson MandelaAge 13

1918–2013 · Politics & Leadership

Anti-apartheid hero, South African President

Richard FeynmanAge 13

1918–1988 · Science & Invention

Quantum electrodynamics, bongo-playing physicist

Eva PerónAge 12

1919–1952 · Politics & Leadership

Argentina's beloved Evita

Edmund HillaryAge 12

1919–2008 · Exploration

First to summit Mount Everest

Jackie RobinsonAge 12

1919–1972 · Sports

Broke baseball's color barrier

Rosalind FranklinAge 11

1920–1958 · Science & Invention

Key to discovering DNA's structure

Stan LeeAge 9

1922–2018 · Film & Entertainment

Co-created Spider-Man, X-Men, Marvel

Marlon BrandoAge 7

1924–2004 · Film & Entertainment

The Godfather, method acting pioneer

James BaldwinAge 7

1924–1987 · Literature

Go Tell It on the Mountain, civil rights essayist

Patrice LumumbaAge 6

1925–1961 · Politics & Leadership

First Prime Minister of independent Congo

Margaret ThatcherAge 6

1925–2013 · Politics & Leadership

The Iron Lady, British Prime Minister

B.B. KingAge 6

1925–2015 · Music

King of the Blues

Marilyn MonroeAge 5

1926–1962 · Film & Entertainment

Hollywood icon, cultural legend

Fidel CastroAge 5

1926–2016 · Politics & Leadership

Cuban revolutionary leader

Gabriel García MárquezAge 4

1927–2014 · Literature

One Hundred Years of Solitude

James WatsonAge 3

1928–present · Science & Invention

Co-discovered the structure of DNA

Andy WarholAge 3

1928–1987 · Art

Pop art icon, Campbell's Soup Cans

Stanley KubrickAge 3

1928–1999 · Film & Entertainment

2001: A Space Odyssey, perfectionist auteur

Maya AngelouAge 3

1928–2014 · Literature

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

Che GuevaraAge 3

1928–1967 · Politics & Leadership

Argentine revolutionary icon

Vera RubinAge 3

1928–2016 · Science & Invention

Discovered evidence for dark matter

Noam ChomskyAge 3

1928–present · Philosophy & Thought

Father of modern linguistics, political activist

Anne FrankAge 2

1929–1945 · Activism & Social Change

Diary of a Young Girl, Holocaust victim

Martin Luther King Jr.Age 2

1929–1968 · Activism & Social Change

"I Have a Dream," civil rights leader

Audrey HepburnAge 2

1929–1993 · Film & Entertainment

Breakfast at Tiffany's, humanitarian

Grace KellyAge 2

1929–1982 · Film & Entertainment

Hollywood star turned Princess of Monaco

Chinua AchebeAge 1

1930–2013 · Literature

Things Fall Apart, father of modern African literature

Neil ArmstrongAge 1

1930–2012 · Exploration

First human to walk on the Moon

Ray CharlesAge 1

1930–2004 · Music

The Genius of Soul, Georgia On My Mind

Tu YouyouAge 1

1930–present · Science & Invention

Discovered artemisinin, Nobel Prize in Medicine

James DeanAge 0

1931–1955 · Film & Entertainment

Rebel Without a Cause, died at 24

Desmond TutuAge 0

1931–2021 · Activism & Social Change

Anti-apartheid cleric, Nobel Peace Prize

Toni MorrisonAge 0

1931–2019 · Literature

Beloved, Nobel Prize in Literature