Who Was Alive in 1938

Sigmund FreudAge 82

1856–1939 · Philosophy & Thought

Father of psychoanalysis

Nikola TeslaAge 82

1856–1943 · Science & Invention

AC electricity, visionary inventor

Max PlanckAge 80

1858–1947 · Science & Invention

Father of quantum theory

Rabindranath TagoreAge 77

1861–1941 · Literature

First non-European Nobel laureate in Literature

Henry FordAge 75

1863–1947 · Business & Industry

Assembly line, Model T automobile

Edvard MunchAge 75

1863–1944 · Art

The Scream

H.G. WellsAge 72

1866–1946 · Literature

The War of the Worlds, science fiction pioneer

Mahatma GandhiAge 69

1869–1948 · Politics & Leadership

Nonviolent independence leader of India

Orville WrightAge 67

1871–1948 · Science & Invention

Co-inventor of the airplane

Winston ChurchillAge 64

1874–1965 · Politics & Leadership

British PM who led WWII effort

Carl JungAge 63

1875–1961 · Philosophy & Thought

Analytical psychology, archetypes

Lise MeitnerAge 60

1878–1968 · Science & Invention

Discovered nuclear fission, overlooked for Nobel

Albert EinsteinAge 59

1879–1955 · Science & Invention

Theory of relativity, E=mc²

Pablo PicassoAge 57

1881–1973 · Art

Cubism, Guernica, most prolific artist

Alexander FlemingAge 57

1881–1955 · Science & Invention

Discovered penicillin

Virginia WoolfAge 56

1882–1941 · Literature

Mrs Dalloway, modernist pioneer

James JoyceAge 56

1882–1941 · Literature

Ulysses, literary revolutionary

Igor StravinskyAge 56

1882–1971 · Music

The Rite of Spring, modern classical

Franklin D. RooseveltAge 56

1882–1945 · Politics & Leadership

32nd US President, New Deal, WWII leader

Coco ChanelAge 55

1883–1971 · Business & Industry

Fashion icon, Chanel No. 5

Niels BohrAge 53

1885–1962 · Science & Invention

Atomic model, quantum mechanics pioneer

Diego RiveraAge 52

1886–1957 · Art

Mexican muralist, political artist

Erwin SchrödingerAge 51

1887–1961 · Science & Invention

Schrödinger's cat, wave equation

Georgia O'KeeffeAge 51

1887–1986 · Art

Mother of American modernism

Charlie ChaplinAge 49

1889–1977 · Film & Entertainment

The Tramp, silent film legend

Ho Chi MinhAge 48

1890–1969 · Politics & Leadership

Revolutionary leader of Vietnam

Agatha ChristieAge 48

1890–1976 · Literature

Best-selling mystery novelist ever

Dwight D. EisenhowerAge 48

1890–1969 · Politics & Leadership

WWII Supreme Commander, 34th US President

Charles de GaulleAge 48

1890–1970 · Politics & Leadership

Leader of Free France, French President

Haile SelassieAge 46

1892–1975 · Politics & Leadership

Emperor of Ethiopia, Rastafari symbol

J.R.R. TolkienAge 46

1892–1973 · Literature

The Lord of the Rings, Middle-earth

Mao ZedongAge 45

1893–1976 · Politics & Leadership

Founder of the People's Republic of China

Babe RuthAge 43

1895–1948 · Sports

Baseball's Sultan of Swat

Buster KeatonAge 43

1895–1966 · Film & Entertainment

Silent film comedian, The General

F. Scott FitzgeraldAge 42

1896–1940 · Literature

The Great Gatsby

Golda MeirAge 40

1898–1978 · Politics & Leadership

Fourth Prime Minister of Israel

Duke EllingtonAge 39

1899–1974 · Music

Jazz legend, big band pioneer

Ernest HemingwayAge 39

1899–1961 · Literature

The Old Man and the Sea, Nobel laureate

Jorge Luis BorgesAge 39

1899–1986 · Literature

Labyrinths, master of magical realism

Alfred HitchcockAge 39

1899–1980 · Film & Entertainment

Master of Suspense — Psycho, Vertigo

Humphrey BogartAge 39

1899–1957 · Film & Entertainment

Casablanca, Hollywood icon

Werner HeisenbergAge 37

1901–1976 · Science & Invention

Uncertainty principle, quantum mechanics pioneer

Louis ArmstrongAge 37

1901–1971 · Music

What a Wonderful World, jazz trumpet

Walt DisneyAge 37

1901–1966 · Film & Entertainment

Created Mickey Mouse, Disney empire

Enrico FermiAge 37

1901–1954 · Science & Invention

Father of the nuclear age, first nuclear reactor

HirohitoAge 37

1901–1989 · Politics & Leadership

Emperor of Japan during WWII

George OrwellAge 35

1903–1950 · Literature

1984, Animal Farm

Bob HopeAge 35

1903–2003 · Film & Entertainment

Comedian, entertainer for 80+ years

Robert OppenheimerAge 34

1904–1967 · Science & Invention

Father of the atomic bomb

Salvador DalíAge 34

1904–1989 · Art

The Persistence of Memory, surrealist

Jean-Paul SartreAge 33

1905–1980 · Philosophy & Thought

Existentialism, declined the Nobel Prize

Hannah ArendtAge 32

1906–1975 · Philosophy & Thought

The Banality of Evil, political theorist

Frida KahloAge 31

1907–1954 · Art

Self-portraits, Mexican cultural icon

Rachel CarsonAge 31

1907–1964 · Activism & Social Change

Silent Spring, environmental movement

Simone de BeauvoirAge 30

1908–1986 · Philosophy & Thought

The Second Sex, feminist existentialist

Kwame NkrumahAge 29

1909–1972 · Politics & Leadership

First President of Ghana

Dorothy HodgkinAge 28

1910–1994 · Science & Invention

Nobel Prize for X-ray crystallography of biochemical substances

Mother TeresaAge 28

1910–1997 · Activism & Social Change

Missionary of Charity in Calcutta

Akira KurosawaAge 28

1910–1998 · Film & Entertainment

Seven Samurai, master filmmaker

Jacques CousteauAge 28

1910–1997 · Exploration

Ocean explorer, pioneered scuba diving

Alan TuringAge 26

1912–1954 · Science & Invention

Father of computer science, codebreaker

Jackson PollockAge 26

1912–1956 · Art

Action painting, abstract expressionism

Rosa ParksAge 25

1913–2005 · Activism & Social Change

Mother of the civil rights movement

Jesse OwensAge 25

1913–1980 · Sports

4 gold medals at 1936 Berlin Olympics

Hedy LamarrAge 24

1914–2000 · Science & Invention

Hollywood star who co-invented frequency hopping

Orson WellesAge 23

1915–1985 · Film & Entertainment

Citizen Kane, War of the Worlds broadcast

Frank SinatraAge 23

1915–1998 · Music

My Way, Ol' Blue Eyes

Billie HolidayAge 23

1915–1959 · Music

Strange Fruit, jazz vocal legend

Roald DahlAge 22

1916–1990 · Literature

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

John F. KennedyAge 21

1917–1963 · Politics & Leadership

35th US President, Space Race

Ella FitzgeraldAge 21

1917–1996 · Music

First Lady of Song, jazz icon

Indira GandhiAge 21

1917–1984 · Politics & Leadership

First female Prime Minister of India

Ingmar BergmanAge 20

1918–2007 · Film & Entertainment

The Seventh Seal, master of art cinema

Nelson MandelaAge 20

1918–2013 · Politics & Leadership

Anti-apartheid hero, South African President

Richard FeynmanAge 20

1918–1988 · Science & Invention

Quantum electrodynamics, bongo-playing physicist

Eva PerónAge 19

1919–1952 · Politics & Leadership

Argentina's beloved Evita

Edmund HillaryAge 19

1919–2008 · Exploration

First to summit Mount Everest

Jackie RobinsonAge 19

1919–1972 · Sports

Broke baseball's color barrier

Rosalind FranklinAge 18

1920–1958 · Science & Invention

Key to discovering DNA's structure

Stan LeeAge 16

1922–2018 · Film & Entertainment

Co-created Spider-Man, X-Men, Marvel

Marlon BrandoAge 14

1924–2004 · Film & Entertainment

The Godfather, method acting pioneer

James BaldwinAge 14

1924–1987 · Literature

Go Tell It on the Mountain, civil rights essayist

Patrice LumumbaAge 13

1925–1961 · Politics & Leadership

First Prime Minister of independent Congo

Margaret ThatcherAge 13

1925–2013 · Politics & Leadership

The Iron Lady, British Prime Minister

B.B. KingAge 13

1925–2015 · Music

King of the Blues

Marilyn MonroeAge 12

1926–1962 · Film & Entertainment

Hollywood icon, cultural legend

Fidel CastroAge 12

1926–2016 · Politics & Leadership

Cuban revolutionary leader

Gabriel García MárquezAge 11

1927–2014 · Literature

One Hundred Years of Solitude

James WatsonAge 10

1928–present · Science & Invention

Co-discovered the structure of DNA

Andy WarholAge 10

1928–1987 · Art

Pop art icon, Campbell's Soup Cans

Stanley KubrickAge 10

1928–1999 · Film & Entertainment

2001: A Space Odyssey, perfectionist auteur

Maya AngelouAge 10

1928–2014 · Literature

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

Che GuevaraAge 10

1928–1967 · Politics & Leadership

Argentine revolutionary icon

Vera RubinAge 10

1928–2016 · Science & Invention

Discovered evidence for dark matter

Noam ChomskyAge 10

1928–present · Philosophy & Thought

Father of modern linguistics, political activist

Anne FrankAge 9

1929–1945 · Activism & Social Change

Diary of a Young Girl, Holocaust victim

Martin Luther King Jr.Age 9

1929–1968 · Activism & Social Change

"I Have a Dream," civil rights leader

Audrey HepburnAge 9

1929–1993 · Film & Entertainment

Breakfast at Tiffany's, humanitarian

Grace KellyAge 9

1929–1982 · Film & Entertainment

Hollywood star turned Princess of Monaco

Chinua AchebeAge 8

1930–2013 · Literature

Things Fall Apart, father of modern African literature

Neil ArmstrongAge 8

1930–2012 · Exploration

First human to walk on the Moon

Ray CharlesAge 8

1930–2004 · Music

The Genius of Soul, Georgia On My Mind

Tu YouyouAge 8

1930–present · Science & Invention

Discovered artemisinin, Nobel Prize in Medicine

James DeanAge 7

1931–1955 · Film & Entertainment

Rebel Without a Cause, died at 24

Desmond TutuAge 7

1931–2021 · Activism & Social Change

Anti-apartheid cleric, Nobel Peace Prize

Toni MorrisonAge 7

1931–2019 · Literature

Beloved, Nobel Prize in Literature

Johnny CashAge 6

1932–2003 · Music

The Man in Black, country music legend

Elizabeth TaylorAge 6

1932–2011 · Film & Entertainment

Cleopatra, golden age Hollywood star

Sylvia PlathAge 6

1932–1963 · Literature

The Bell Jar, confessional poetry

Yoko OnoAge 5

1933–present · Art

Avant-garde artist, peace activist

Wole SoyinkaAge 4

1934–present · Literature

First African Nobel laureate in Literature

Yuri GagarinAge 4

1934–1968 · Exploration

First human in space

Carl SaganAge 4

1934–1996 · Science & Invention

Cosmos, pale blue dot, science communicator

Jane GoodallAge 4

1934–present · Science & Invention

World's foremost expert on chimpanzees

Dalai LamaAge 3

1935–present · Philosophy & Thought

Tibetan spiritual leader, Nobel Peace Prize

Elvis PresleyAge 3

1935–1977 · Music

The King of Rock and Roll

Woody AllenAge 3

1935–present · Film & Entertainment

Annie Hall, prolific filmmaker

Pope FrancisAge 2

1936–2025 · Philosophy & Thought

First pope from the Americas